Head psoriasis is one of the most common forms of psoriasis.It can be an independent variant of the disease, when psoriatic eruptions are found alone in the head (regional scalp psoriasis), or can be related to manifestations of generalized and diffuse forms, when pathological changes capture the entire surface of the skin.
Causes of the disease
The causes of head psoriasis are the same as those of the psoriasis of other locations.However, none of the many theories of psoriasis is universally recognized and, despite the large number of studies, the true causes of the disease are still unknown.However, factors are distinguished, whose role is demonstrated in the development of the disease.
- Inheritance.In approximately one third of patients, psoriasis is inherited in accordance with the classical laws of genetics: from parents to offspring, according to the dominant autosomal mechanism.In other cases, psoriasis refers to multifactorial diseases, when hereditary factors increase the risk of disease in the presence of other significant effects.
- Immune, endocrine and metabolic disorders.
- Epidermal disorders: various types of changes in the life cycle of skin cells, among which the highest value binds to the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes (acceleration of the skin's skin division) and a deceleration of morphological differentiation (maturation and division into different types of cells).
The main symptoms
The main local symptom of head psoriasis is papula and pink red or bright red plates, clearly delimited, with a characteristic silver peeled on its surface.Typical location: the forehead and freezing area on the edge of the hair growth zone.At the beginning of the disease, there are usually few plates, they are pale and, so to speak, erased, preserved for a long time in the same places.After exposure to provocative factors (trauma, infection, pregnancy, diet, nervous shock, etc.), the eruption progresses.The plains increase in size, they merge, they become brighter, with itch.Hair with psoriasis does not fall, even in the case of the severe course and extensive scalp injuries.
When the surface of the plates is shown, you can determine the characteristic triad of the symptoms:
- The Phenomenon of Estearina stain is an increase in peeling with a slight accessory.
- The phenomenon of the terminal film: after removing the scales, the surface of the plate is wet, thin, bright.
- The auspitz symptom, or a phenomenon of bloody dew, with carefully propagation of the terminal film, punctual bleeding occurs in the form of small drops of non -failed blood.
In addition to local symptoms, some of the patients develop nail injuries and psoriatic arthritis.
Treatment
The treatment of head psoriasis should be complex, including the correction of possible causes and eliminate provocative factors, diet therapy and general and local funds.The specific recommendations for skin care and drug choice in each case are individual, and should give them a dermatologist.
Unfortunately, today it is not known how to heal psoriasis completely: the disease is chronic, prone to frequent relapses.However, exhaustive compliance with all appointments can provide a long persistent remission, when skin symptoms become discreet or disappear completely.
Diet
The diet of patients with psoriasis is similar to the diet of patients with allergies, since they are precisely allergy (histamine and others) that support very vicious changes in the skin.Therefore, they are excluded from the diet:
- Extractive substances (rich meat and fish broths, smoked meats).
- Spices, condiments.
- Products with a large number of artificial flavors, dyes.
- Marinadas, sauerry and salty vegetables, canned food.
- Fungus.
- Alcohol.
- Exotic fruits (mango, kiwi, etc.).
Fatty and fried dishes are limited carbohydrates, easily digestible (sweets, pasta, butter baking), table salt.In the context of the exacerbation, it is recommended to make days of download, with intense eruptions with itching, the hunger one day twice a week.
Skin care
Even with severe itching, skin hairstyle should be avoided, since plates lesion often contributes to the appearance of new eruptions (Kobner phenomenon).To relieve itching and elimination scales, their heads are washed daily, alternating the use of shampoos and special decoctions of anti -inflammatory herbs.Head psoriasis shampoo may contain:
- tar;
- Selena sulfide;
- zinc.
The shampoos is not used more than three times a week, and among these procedures it is recommended to wash the head with a decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage, pine extract and tea leaves.
Medicine
The treatment of psoriasis in the head in case of serious exacerbations can be carried out in a hospital, with the prescription of systemic corticosteroids (oral or intramuscular), desensitizing therapy (antihistamines inside and intramuscular).Detoxification is carried out, the intravenous administration of sodium thiosulfate, calcium chloride, intramuscular injections of calcium gluconate (or prescribed inside).
In addition, with severe and moderate psoriasis, it is possible to prescribe the following groups of medicines (strictly according to the indications and individually!):
- Cytostatics (Metotrexate, cyclosporine): To suppress the proliferation of abnormal cells.
- System retinoids: To regulate the regeneration and differentiation processes of skin cells.The drug is not combined with cytostatic and other retinoids.
- Biological agents of the system: reduce the activity of the immune system.
Local funds
With extensive skin manifestations, especially with elements of acute inflammation, exudation, in the presence of combs, local funds are used limited and extremely carefully, since the active penetration of the active substance is possible through the damaged skin with the development of systemic side effects.They begin to be applied in the exacerbation stage, and during the partial remission period, local medications form the basis for the treatment of psoriasis.
In addition to therapeutic shampoos and anti -inflammatory decoctions, pasta, ointments, creams, gels, lotions are used.The following drugs are used more frequently:
- Local funds containing tar apply to the scalp twice a day with courses of 1-2 weeks.It is not recommended that they be treated for a long time without interruptions, since they can cause excessive and dry skin.
- Naphtalan ointment.
- Salicylic ointment.Salicylic acid has a keratolithic effect (thick cells "dissolves"), disinfects the surface of the plates.
- Means with zinc.
- Local forms of glucocorticosteroids.To avoid the development of local changes in the skin (steroid acne, irritation, thinning, atrophy, allergic dermatitis) and systemic side effects (metabolic disorders, hormonal, etc.) courses are prescribed within two weeks 1 time per month.They must be applied twice a day with a thin layer and only in plates, whose surface has no mechanical damage (combs, erosions).In addition to creams, there are hormonal emulsions and lotions for sale, which are easier to wash the hair.
- Vitamin D anologists apply to injuries 2 times a day, can be used in combination with local steroids.
- Local retinoids apply to the plates every hour a day in courses of 10 days or more, depending on the reaction to treatment (they can cause severe irritation in the application area).
- Anthralin is used up to 4 times a day.Side effects: irritating effect (itching, redness), yellow skin color instead of application.
- Combined local remedies are modern and highly effective medications for the treatment of psoriasis.Most of the time, combinations of glucocorticoids with tar, salicylic acid are used.Another good combined cure for psoriasis in the head.
There is a large number of commercial names of local drugs in psoriasis, and only a specialist can understand them.Do not self -medicate, buying the advice of the acquaintances or under the influence of the advertising of any really effective medication.How to treat psoriasis in the head Only a dermatologist should determine, since local therapy always implies individually selected combinations and alternative medications.
Non -flog treatment
Psoriasis refers to climat dependent diseases.Therefore, natural sunlight is very beneficial for psoriasis, which contributes to a decrease in skin manifestations.Patients are recommended daily, but a short stay in the sun (in the morning, closer to the night).In autumn-winter periods, UOF is prescribed.The river and sea water has a good effect.A persistent and complete enough remission can be achieved after undergoing a rehabilitation and treatment course in sanatoriums in the Dead Sea.
In the treatment of head psoriasis, physiotherapy techniques are widely used: UFV phototherapy, UFV of a narrow range, bullet therapy.It should be taken into account that frequent stay and physiotherapeutic methods to treat psoriasis increase the risk of skin cancer, so physiotherapy for children is not recommended, and all other patients need to undergo preventive exams of the oncologist annually.